I mainly started using exFAT on flash drives (even on new ones) since it is interoperable between Windows, Linux, and Intel Mac. To be clear, I never don’t unmount the drive properly under normal conditions, but I remember reading around the time it was introduced that the Windows implementation guaranteed the buffers were flushed after every write (meaning no unwritten data remains when the activity indicator on the drive stops blinking) but now I can’t find any evidence that was ever the case. Wouldn’t be the first time I got bad info from the Internet. 🤷♂️
When I installed Bazzite on my Asus laptop I got an Armory Crate application. There seems to be something similar for MSI laptops called MControlCenter, but don’t know anything about it. Hope this gets you going in the right direction.